Conquest and Resistance to Colonialism in Africa by Gregory Maddox

Author:Gregory Maddox [Maddox, Gregory]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781351058292
Barnesnoble:
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 2018-05-03T00:00:00+00:00

1 The government Committee which recommended the present orthography was chaired by a distinguished Somali poet, the late Muse GalaaL

2 For a full report of Churchill’s report, see R. Hyam, Elgin and Churchill at the Colonial Office (London, 1968), Ch. 10.

3 The former Italian colony was returned to Italy in 1950 to be administered as a trust territory of the United Nations for ten years. In 1960 it was amalgamated with the British Protectorate, forming the present Republic of Somalia. The Ogaden was returned to Ethiopia in 1954.

4 Burton as quoted by A.M. Brockett, “British Somaliland Protectorate to 1905” (Ph.D. thesis, Oxford University, 1969), 22.

5 Sheikh Jaaraac Cumar Ciise, Tarikh al-Sumal fi-l-’usur al-Wusta wa-l-Hadithah (Cairo, 1965), 17.

6 Cited in B.G. Martin, Muslim Brotherhoods in 19th Century Africa (Cambridge, 1976), 181.

7 For details of the Sayyid’s resistance, see I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of Somalia (Harlow, 1980), Ch. iv; also P.K Kakwenzire, “Colonial Rule in the British Somaliland Protectorate 1905–1939 (Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 1976), Chs. 1–4.

8 Cited in D.J. Jardine, The Mad Mullah of Somaliland (London, 1923), 122. Jardine served as chief secretary of the Protectorate administration for more than twenty years, including a good part of the period of the Sayyid’s resistance. Jardine collected several of the Sayyid’s letters, had them translated from their original Arabic into English, and incorporated some of them in his above-quoted book.

9 The Parliamentary Debates (authorized edition) 1905, Vol. 142 (London, 1906), Column 180.

10 Ibid., Column 750.

11 CO. 879/97, “A Miaute on the Somaliland Protectorate,” by W. Churchill, 28/11/1907.

12 CO. 535/57, Admiralty to F.O.,15/5/1919.

13 Britain was really interested in the coastal strip of the Protectorate, and she would have happily donated the hinterland to either Ethiopia or Italy. In point of fact, she tried to do that on more than one occasion but Italy and Ethiopia were equally disinterested in the hinterland; they would settle for nothing less than the entire Protectorate, including the coast. That became the bone of contention, since Britain would under no circumstances cede the coast to anyone.

14 Churchill, “A Minute on the Somaliland Protectorate.”

15 Ibid.

16 Jardine, The Mad Mullah, 163–164.

17 The Times, 8/4/1910.

18 Parliamentary Debates (authorized edition), 1910, Vol. XV, Columns 1094 to 1100.

19 C.O. 535/27, Governor Byatt to C.O., 26/5/1912.

20 H.F. Brovost-Baatersby, Richard Corfield of Somaliland (London, 1914), 245 ff.

21 During the war the Sayyid was in constant touch with the sultan of Turkey and with the German government. They were keen to enlist his active support against the Allied Powers, especially against Britain.

22 C.O. 535/41 Vol. 3, Archer to Mad Mullah, 30/12/1919.

23 C.O. 535/41, Archer to C.O., 24/1/1920.

24 Report on Somaliland Blue Book, 1918–1919 by Jardine.

25 C.O. 535/56, Estimates of Revenue and Expenditure for 1920–1921.

26 C.O. 535/65, Minute by Machtig on the Governor’s letter to C.O., 11/3/1921.

27 C.O. 535/67, Treasury to C.O., 11/3/1921.

28 C.O. 535/69, Capt Rayne to Archer, 25/2/1922.

29 F.O. 371/3495, “Prospectus of Abyssinian Corporation,” April 1919.

30 Mss. AFR. S. 141 (Rhodes House, Oxford), ‘The Veterinary History of Somaliland Protectorate,” by Edward F. Peck.

31 The other futile revenue-earning measures included a concession granted to a Mr.

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